Added Linux posts.

know-how/software/linux/_posts/2008-08-29-automount-internal-drives.md

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+---
+title: Automount internal drives
+layout: default
+created: 2008-08-29 10:19:59 +0200
+updated: 2008-08-29 10:19:59 +0200
+toc: false
+tags:
+  - know-how
+  - software
+  - linux
+  - automount
+  - storage
+---
+According to [Only Ubuntu](http://onlyubuntu.blogspot.com/2008/05/auto-mounting-internal-drives-in-ubuntu.html), to
+enable auto-mounting of internal drives on bootup, edit the file `/etc/hal/fdi/policy/preferences.fdi` and change
+the line
+
+    <merge key="storage.automount_enabled_hint" type="bool">false</merge>
+
+to this:
+
+    <merge key="storage.automount_enabled_hint" type="bool">true</merge>
+
+From now on, internal drives should appear on your Desktop.

know-how/software/linux/_posts/2008-12-11-apt-rpm.md

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+---
+title: apt-rpm
+layout: default
+created: 2008-12-11 17:06:19 +0100
+updated: 2008-12-11 17:38:35 +0100
+toc: false
+tags:
+  - know-how
+  - software
+  - linux
+  - software
+  - apt
+---
+At work we have the [Kerio Mailserver](http://www.kerio.com/mailserver) Appliance for VMware which is based on Fedora
+Core 6. Since they use the ugly `[yum](http://yum.baseurl.org/)`, I decided to install `[apt-rpm](http://apt-rpm.org/)`.
+I'm still missing something like `[aptitude](http://algebraicthunk.net/~dburrows/projects/aptitude/)`, but it is okay now.
+
+`apt-rpm` expects some `*.list` files in the `/etc/apt/sources.list.d/` directory - as does the Ubuntu `apt-get`.
+
+
+Repositories
+============
+
+Since I had some time to find all repos, here's ist an overview:
+
+* **os.list** (pre-installed, shortened to the neccessary ones)
+
+        # Name: Operating system and updates
+
+        ### Fedora Core Linux
+        #repomd http://ayo.freshrpms.net fedora/linux/$(VERSION)/$(ARCH)/core
+        #repomd http://ayo.freshrpms.net fedora/linux/$(VERSION)/$(ARCH)/updates
+        rpm http://ayo.freshrpms.net fedora/linux/$(VERSION)/$(ARCH) core updates
+
+        #offline: repomd http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/ fedora/linux/core/$(VERSION)/$(ARCH)/os/
+        repomd http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/ fedora/linux/extras/$(VERSION)/$(ARCH)/
+        #offline: repomd http://download.fedora.redhat.com/pub/ fedora/linux/core/updates/$(VERSION)/$(ARCH)/</code>
+
+* **dries.list**
+
+        # Name: Dries Repository
+
+        #repomd http://ftp.belnet.be/packages/dries.ulyssis.org/fedora/linux/$(VERSION)/$(ARCH)/dries
+        rpm http://apt.sw.be fedora/$(VERSION)/en/$(ARCH) dries</code>
+
+* **freshrpms.list**
+
+        # Name: freshRPMs
+
+        # core and updates are used in os.list
+        rpm http://ayo.freshrpms.net fedora/linux/$(VERSION)/$(ARCH) extras freshrpms</code>
+
+* **livna.list**
+
+        # Name: livna
+
+        repomd http://rpm.livna.org fedora/$(VERSION)/$(ARCH)
+        repomd http://rpm.livna.org fedora/testing/$(VERSION)/$(ARCH)</code>
+
+* **remi.list**
+
+        # Name: Les RPM de Remi
+
+        repomd http://rpms.famillecollet.com fc$(VERSION).$(ARCH)</code>
+
+The difference between the **`rpm`** and the **`repomd`** is simple: A `repomd` points to a single repository whereas
+`rpm` can point to different in one line. Example:
+
+    repomd http://ayo.freshrpms.net fedora/linux/$(VERSION)/$(ARCH)/core
+    repomd http://ayo.freshrpms.net fedora/linux/$(VERSION)/$(ARCH)/updates
+
+is exactly the same as
+
+    rpm http://ayo.freshrpms.net fedora/linux/$(VERSION)/$(ARCH) core updates
+
+
+Notice the two last words in the last example. The resemble the two directories of the two `repomd` statements. You
+know it is a repository if the path contains a folder `repodata`, such as [this one](http://ayo.freshrpms.net/fedora/linux/6/i386/core/repodata).
+
+Knowing that, you can find more Repos using [Google](http://google.com/search?q=allinurl%3A+i386+repodata+repomd+%2B6+fc+OR+fedora) with an
+[advanced query](http://letmegooglethatforyou.com/?q=allinurl%3A+i386+repodata+repomd+%2B6+fc+OR+fedora).

know-how/software/linux/_posts/2009-01-24-apt-get-errors.md

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+---
+title: apt-get Errors
+layout: default
+created: 2009-01-21 21:30:24 +0100
+updated: 2009-01-24 17:34:46 +0100
+toc: false
+tags:
+  - know-how
+  - software
+  - linux
+  - software
+  - apt
+---
+If you get the following error while updating the package list:
+
+    W: GPG error: http://ppa.launchpad.net jaunty Release: The following signatures couldn't be verified because the public key is not available: NO_PUBKEY 632D16BB0C713DA6
+
+You need to manually update the key. The key-ID is the last 8 digits of the key, in this case: *0c713da6*.
+
+Now fetch the key from the Ubuntu keyserver:
+
+    gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv 0c713da6
+
+And finally add the new key to the apt-keyring:
+
+    gpg --export --armor 0c713da6 | sudo apt-key add -
+
+
+
+You can even automate this a bit with the following shell script:
+
+{% highlight bash %}
+#!/bin/bash
+KEYID=${1:-8}
+gpg --keyserver keyserver.ubuntu.com --recv $KEYID
+gpg --export --armor $KEYID | sudo apt-key add -
+{% endhighlight %}
+
+This will only use the last 8 digits of the first parameter as KEYID. So you can even call it with the full 16 digits.

know-how/software/linux/_posts/2009-05-19-automounting.md

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+---
+title: Automounting
+layout: default
+created: 2009-05-19 18:12:34 +0200
+updated: 2009-05-19 18:12:34 +0200
+toc: false
+tags:
+  - know-how
+  - software
+  - linux
+  - automount
+  - storage
+---
+To automount FUSE mounts, there's a nice tool called [afuse](http://afuse.sourceforge.net/).
+
+
+*[FUSE]: Filesystem in USErspace

know-how/software/linux/_posts/2009-07-17-ascii-art.md

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+---
+title: ASCII-Art
+layout: default
+created: 2008-10-10 23:39:30 +0200
+updated: 2009-07-17 22:59:53 +0200
+toc: false
+tags:
+  - know-how
+  - software
+  - linux
+  - software
+  - asciiart
+---
+To create ASCII art or just some colorful things with lots of ANSI color codes, there's the package
+[aewan](apt://aewan) - [Ascii-art Editor Without A Name](http://aewan.sf.net/).
+
+aewan itself saves the files in an own format. But there's the tool `aecat` which lets you cat those files - and thus
+you can also write the output into another file to get a normal file with ANSI codes which can be shown using the
+normal `cat`.
+
+    aecat colorful.aew > colorful.txt
+
+
+*[ASCII]: American Standard Code for Information Interchange
+*[ANSI]: American National Standards Institute

know-how/software/linux/_posts/2009-10-12-apt-repositories.md

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+---
+title: apt Repositories
+layout: default
+created: 2008-10-06 10:30:47 +0200
+updated: 2009-10-12 22:07:47 +0200
+toc: true
+tags:
+  - know-how
+  - software
+  - linux
+  - software
+  - apt
+---
+There's a slightly outdated list at: <http://ubuntuforums.org/showthread.php?t=185758>
+
+
+DropBox
+=======
+
+Repository for [DropBox](http://getdropbox.com/).
+
+    deb http://linux.getdropbox.com/ubuntu intrepid main #Dropbox
+    deb-src http://linux.getdropbox.com/ubuntu intrepid main #Dropbox
+
+
+feisty-commercial
+=================
+
+    ## feisty-commercial by canonical
+    ## currently has realplay (realplayer 10) and opera (opera 9)
+    ## only uncomment it if you need it
+    deb http://archive.canonical.com/ubuntu feisty-commercial main #feisty-commercial
+
+
+Google
+======
+
+    deb http://dl.google.com/linux/deb/ stable non-free #Google software repository
+
+
+LaunchPad Projects
+==================
+
+
+Aguignard (Sonata, a MPD client)
+--------------------------------
+
+    deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/aguignard/ppa/ubuntu intrepid main #Sonata
+    deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/aguignard/ppa/ubuntu intrepid main #Sonata
+
+
+Bazaar
+------
+
+    deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/bzr/ubuntu intrepid main #Bazaar
+    deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/bzr/ubuntu intrepid main #Bazaar
+
+
+Bazaar BETA
+-----------
+
+    deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/bzr-beta-ppa/ubuntu intrepid main #Bazaar BETA
+    deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/bzr-beta-ppa/ubuntu intrepid main #Bazaar BETA
+
+
+Blueman
+-------
+
+    deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/blueman/ppa/ubuntu intrepid main #Blueman
+    deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/blueman/ppa/ubuntu intrepid main #Blueman
+
+
+blueyed (TV-Browser)
+--------------------
+
+    deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/blueyed/ppa/ubuntu intrepid main #blueyed (TV Browser)
+    deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/blueyed/ppa/ubuntu intrepid main #blueyed (TV Browser)
+
+
+c-korn (wine, vlc)
+------------------
+
+    deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/c-korn/ubuntu intrepid main restricted multiverse universe #wine, vlc
+
+
+Conduit
+-------
+
+    deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/conduit/ubuntu intrepid main
+    deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/conduit/ubuntu intrepid main
+
+
+Deluge
+------
+
+    deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/deluge-team/ubuntu intrepid main #Deluge
+    deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/deluge-team/ubuntu intrepid main #Deluge
+
+
+Gnome Do
+--------
+
+    deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/do-core/ubuntu intrepid main #Gnome Do
+    deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/do-core/ubuntu intrepid main #Gnome Do
+
+
+Gnome Do BETA
+-------------
+
+    deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/do-testers/ppa/ubuntu intrepid main #Gnome Do BETA
+    deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/do-testers/ppa/ubuntu intrepid main #Gnome Do BETA
+
+
+Gnome Terminator
+----------------
+
+    deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/gnome-terminator/ppa/ubuntu intrepid main restricted universe multiverse #Terminator
+    deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/gnome-terminator/ppa/ubuntu intrepid main restricted universe multiverse #Terminator
+
+
+GnuCash
+-------
+
+    deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/gnucash/ppa/ubuntu intrepid main #GnuCash
+    deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/gnucash/ppa/ubuntu intrepid main #GnuCash
+
+
+Hamster Applet
+--------------
+
+    deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/hamster.support/ubuntu hardy main
+    deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/hamster.support/ubuntu hardy main
+
+
+hyperair (Pidgin)
+-----------------
+
+    deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/hyperair/ubuntu intrepid main #hyperair (Pidgin)
+    deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/hyperair/ubuntu intrepid main #hyperair (Pidgin)
+
+
+james-w (Ubuntu Netbook Remix)
+------------------------------
+
+    deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/james-w/ubuntu intrepid main
+    deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/james-w/ubuntu intrepid main
+
+
+mishd (Hotwire, PasswordSafe)
+-----------------------------
+
+    deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/mishd/ubuntu hardy main
+    deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/mishd/ubuntu hardy main
+
+
+mozillateam (Mozilla Alpha)
+---------------------------
+
+    deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/mozillateam/ppa/ubuntu intrepid main #Mozilla Alpha
+    deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/mozillateam/ppa/ubuntu intrepid main #Mozilla Alpha
+
+
+Netbook Remix (official)
+------------------------
+
+    deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/netbook-remix-team/ppa/ubuntu intrepid main #Netbook-Remix
+    deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/netbook-remix-team/ppa/ubuntu intrepid main #Netbook-Remix
+
+
+nijel (gammu)
+-------------
+
+    deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/nijel/ubuntu intrepid main #gammu
+    deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/nijel/ubuntu intrepid main #gammu
+
+
+OpenOffice.org
+--------------
+
+    deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/openoffice-pkgs/ubuntu intrepid main #OpenOffice.org
+
+
+stemp (Midori Browser)
+----------------------
+
+    deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/stemp/ubuntu intrepid main #Midori
+    deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/stemp/ubuntu intrepid main #Midori
+
+
+SynCE
+-----
+
+    deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/synce/ubuntu intrepid main #SynCE
+    deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/synce/ubuntu intrepid main #SynCE
+
+
+tualatrix (Ubuntu Tweak)
+------------------------
+
+    deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/tualatrix/ubuntu intrepid main #Ubuntu Tweak
+    deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/tualatrix/ubuntu intrepid main #Ubuntu Tweak
+
+
+webkit-team (Midori)
+--------------------
+
+    deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/webkit-team/ppa/ubuntu intrepid main #Webkit-Team
+    deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/webkit-team/ppa/ubuntu intrepid main #Webkit-Team
+
+
+Medibuntu 8.10
+==============
+
+    ## Medibuntu - Ubuntu 8.10 "intrepid ibex"
+    ## Please report any bugs on https://bugs.launchpad.net/medibuntu/
+    deb http://packages.medibuntu.org/ intrepid free non-free #Medibuntu
+    deb-src http://packages.medibuntu.org/ intrepid free non-free #Medibuntu
+
+
+Opera
+=====
+
+    deb http://deb.opera.com/opera/ stable non-free #Opera
+
+
+playdeb (Games)
+===============
+
+    deb mirror://www.getdeb.net/playdeb-mirror/hardy/// hardy/
+
+
+Skype
+=====
+
+[Contents](http://download.skype.com/linux/repos/debian/dists/stable/non-free/binary-i386/Packages)
+
+    deb http://download.skype.com/linux/repos/debian/ stable non-free #Skype
+
+
+VirtualBox
+==========
+
+    deb http://download.virtualbox.org/virtualbox/debian intrepid non-free #VirtualBox
+
+
+wine
+====
+
+    ## Bleeding edge wine repository for Hardy
+    ## only uncomment it if you need it
+    deb http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt intrepid main #Wine bleeding edge
+    deb-src http://wine.budgetdedicated.com/apt intrepid main #Wine bleeding edge

know-how/software/linux/_posts/2010-01-14-alternatives-to-windows-apps.md

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+---
+title: Alternatives to Windows applications
+layout: default
+created: 2009-01-05 22:42:10 +0100
+updated: 2010-01-14 12:32:40 +0100
+toc: false
+tags:
+  - know-how
+  - software
+  - linux
+  - software
+  - applications
+---
+| Windows application(s)                       | Linux equivalent(s)                       |
+|:---------------------------------------------|:------------------------------------------|
+| [Adobe Photoshop](http://www.adobe.com/products/photoshop/)     | [GIMP](http://www.gimp.org/)   |
+| [Adobe Illustrator](http://www.adobe.com/products/illustrator)  | [Inkscape](http://www.inkscape.org/)    |
+| [AeroFly](http://www.aerofly.de/)<br />[FMS](http://n.ethz.ch/~mmoeller/fms/index_e.html)    | [CRRCSim](http://crrcsim.berlios.de/wiki/)   |
+| [ElStEr](http://www.elster.de/)                                 | [Taxbird](http://www.taxbird.de/)    |
+| [foobar2000](http://www.foobar2000.org/)                        | [Rhythmbox](http://www.gnome.org/projects/rhythmbox/)<br />[MPD](http://musicpd.sf.net/) with [pympd](http://pympd.sf.net/)   |
+| [Google Earth](http://earth.google.com/)                        | [Marble](http://edu.kde.org/marble) (or try their [WinE-Version](http://earth.google.com/intl/en/download-earth.html))  |
+| [IrfanView](http://www.irfanview.com/)                          | [GQview](http://gqview.sf.net/)  |
+| [Microsoft Office](http://office.microsoft.com/)                | [OpenOffice.org](http://www.openoffice.org/)   |
+| [Miranda](http://www.miranda-im.org/)                           | [Pidgin](http://pidgin.im/)  |
+| [Nero](http://www.nero.com/eng/nero9-introduction.html)         | [Nero Linux](http://www.nero.com/eng/linux3.html)   |
+| [Picasa](http://www.google.com/picasa/)                         | [F-Spot](http://f-spot.org/) (or try their [WinE-Version](http://www.google.com/picasa/linux/))  |
+| [PopTray](http://www.poptray.org/)                              | [mail-notification](http://www.nongnu.org/mailnotify/)  |
+| [PortableApps](http://portableapps.com/)<br />[U3](http://www.u3.com/)  | [PorTools](http://www.portools.com/)<br />[l-portable](http://jchien.awardspace.com/)<br />[Klik](http://klik.atekon.de/)  |
+| [Putty CM](http://puttycm.free.fr/) + [PuTTY](http://www.chiark.greenend.org.uk/~sgtatham/putty/)   | [grcm](http://grcm.sf.net/) or `~/.ssh/config`   |
+| [StarMoney](http://www.starmoney.de/)                           | [Moneyplex](http://www.moneyplex.de/) (or try their [WinE-Version](http://www.starmoney.de/index.php?id=linux))  |
+| [Total Commander](http://www.ghisler.com/)                      | [Gnome Commander](http://www.nongnu.org/gcmd/)<br />[Tux Commander](http://tuxcmd.sf.net/)   |
+
+
+See also:
+
+* <http://www.linux.ie/newusers/alternatives.php>

know-how/software/linux/_posts/2010-02-06-alsa-card-order.md

@@ -0,0 +1,24 @@
+---
+title: ALSA Sound Card Order
+layout: default
+created: 2010-02-06 00:41:02 +0100
+updated: 2010-02-06 00:41:02 +0100
+toc: false
+tags:
+  - know-how
+  - software
+  - linux
+  - sound
+  - alsa
+---
+The default soundcard to be used with ALSA is that with the index 0 in `/proc/asound/cards`. Usually this is the first
+found sound device.
+
+If you want to change this order, you have to find out the name of the kernel module used for that card and then add
+the desired `index` to it in a modprobe file. I appended these lines to my `/etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf`:
+
+    options snd-hda-intel index=-2
+    options snd-usb-audio index=0
+
+This way, the internal sound card (which was the primary one) now gets some other index and the USB mini speakers get
+the index 0 and therefore become the new default device for any sounds.

know-how/software/linux/_posts/2010-02-12-alsa-to-pulseaudio-for-flash.md

@@ -0,0 +1,39 @@
+---
+title: ALSA → PulseAudio for Flash and others
+layout: default
+created: 2010-02-12 22:07:22 +0100
+updated: 2010-02-12 22:23:31 +0100
+toc: false
+tags:
+  - know-how
+  - software
+  - linux
+  - sound
+  - alsa
+  - pulseaudio
+---
+One huge problem in a standard Ubuntu install is that not all programs are actually using the PulseAudio daemon but
+instead still use ALSA. This is especially true with the [flashplugin](apt://flashplugin-installer). Since PulseAudio
+and ALSA can't use the hardware device at the same time, they block each other which leads to hangs and maybe even
+crashes of programs (e.g. browser).
+
+The fix is relatively easy and consists of telling ALSA to use its `pulse` plugin for output - which routes the sound
+to PulseAudio instead of directly to hardware. It is explained at [pulseaudio.org](http://pulseaudio.org/wiki/PerfectSetup#ALSAApplications).
+
+Basically you only have to create a file `/etc/asound.conf` with these few lines:
+
+~~~
+pcm.!default {
+    type pulse
+}
+ctl.!default {
+    type pulse
+}
+~~~
+
+This tells all ALSA apps to use the PulseAudio output by default. Some notes may also be found on [wiki.ubuntu.com](https://wiki.ubuntu.com/PulseAudio).
+
+You should also check that you have installed [libsdl1.2debian-pulseaudio](apt://libsdl1.2debian-pulseaudio) instead of the `-alsa` one.
+
+
+*[ALSA]: Advanced Linux Sound Architecture

know-how/software/linux/_posts/2010-03-01-acpi-events.md

@@ -0,0 +1,19 @@
+---
+title: ACPI Events
+layout: default
+created: 2010-03-01 21:40:32 +0100
+updated: 2010-03-01 21:40:46 +0100
+toc: false
+tags:
+  - know-how
+  - software
+  - linux
+  - acpi
+---
+If you wish to change the behavior upon pushing e.g. the power button, you can edit the config files located in
+`/etc/acpi/events/`. To disable the power button, you would edit the file `powerbtn` there and change the `action` line
+to:
+
+{% highlight ini %}
+action=/bin/true
+{% endhighlight %}

know-how/software/linux/_posts/2010-05-01-apt-cacher.md

@@ -0,0 +1,35 @@
+---
+title: apt-cacher(-ng)
+layout: default
+created: 2009-10-12 23:30:40 +0200
+updated: 2010-05-01 13:57:04 +0200
+toc: false
+tags:
+  - know-how
+  - software
+  - linux
+  - software
+  - apt
+---
+[apt-cacher](apt://apt-cacher) and [apt-cacher-ng](apt://apt-cacher-ng) both act as a proxy between `apt-get` or
+`aptitude` and the Debian repositories. It stores the packages upon first request and loads them from cache on further
+ones. If you have 2 or more Ubuntu PCs in your network, you can save a massive amount of bandwidth with it.
+
+
+Installation
+============
+
+1. Install the package [apt-cacher](apt://apt-cacher) or [apt-cacher-ng](apt://apt-cacher-ng)
+1. Make sure it is running (sometimes you might have to edit a file `/etc/default/apt-cacher` or
+   `/etc/default/apt-cacher-ng` to enable it)
+1. Now do the following on **ALL PCs** in your network - including the one with `apt-cacher(-ng)` installed:
+    * Create a file `/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/01proxy` with the following contents: (replace the IP by the IP of the PC with
+      `apt-cacher(-ng)` installed)
+
+            Acquire::http::Proxy "http://192.168.0.1:3142";
+
+    * Create a file `/etc/apt/apt.conf.d/99clean` with the following contents: (this will keep the local apt-cache clean)
+
+            DPkg::Post-Invoke {"/usr/bin/find /var/cache/apt/archives/ -type f -mtime 2 -name *.deb -exec /bin/rm -f {} \; || true";};
+
+That was it. All packages will be cached on the `apt-cacher(-ng)`-PC and the local caches will be kept clean.