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Various new posts.

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---
title: BTG
layout: default
created: 2008-10-10 22:41:02 +0200
updated: 2008-10-10 22:41:02 +0200
toc: false
tags:
- know-how
- software
- linux
- software
- bittorrent
- btg
---
**Homepage:** <del><http://btg.berlios.de/></del> <http://sourceforge.net/projects/btg.berlios/>
Incoming directory
==================
To have a directory scanned for `.torrent` files and let them be added to BTG, there is this nice bash script from
the [BTG HowTo](http://btg.berlios.de/howto.html#using-an-incoming-directory):
{% highlight bash %}
#!/bin/sh
CLIENT=btgcli
# The directory containing the torrent files.
INCOMING_DIR=~/btg/incomming
# The directory to which .torrent files are moved
# to after loading them into BTG.
DONE_DIR=~/btg/incomming/done
GOT_SESSION=0
$CLIENT -A -n -c "detach" &> /dev/null && GOT_SESSION=1
if [ $GOT_SESSION -eq 0 ]
then
$CLIENT -n -c "detach" &> /dev/null && GOT_SESSION=1
fi
if [ $GOT_SESSION -eq 0 ]
then
echo "Unable to attach or create a BTG session."
exit -1
fi
TORRENT_ADDED=0
cd $INCOMING_DIR && \
for f in `ls -1 *.torrent 2> /dev/null` ; do
echo "Loading file: $f" && \
$CLIENT -A -n -c "detach" -o $f &> /dev/null && \
TORRENT_ADDED=`expr $TORRENT_ADDED + 1` && \
mv $f $DONE_DIR
done
if [ $TORRENT_ADDED -gt 0 ]
then
echo "Added $TORRENT_ADDED torrents to BTG."
fi
{% endhighlight %}
Set Speedlimits based on time of day
====================================
This script also comes from the [BTG HowTo](http://btg.berlios.de/howto.html#setting-global-limits-based-on-the-time-of-the-day):
{% highlight bash %}
#!/bin/sh
# The location of the BTG client application.
CLIENT=btgcli
H=`date +%H`
O="none"
if [ "$H" -gt "0" ] || [ "$H" -lt "6" ]
then
O="night"
fi
if [ "$H" -gt "6" ] || [ "$H" -lt "12" ]
then
O="morning"
fi
if [ "$H" -gt "12" ] || [ "$H" -lt "16" ]
then
O="midday"
fi
if [ "$H" -gt "16" ] || [ "$H" -lt "23" ]
then
O="evening"
fi
# Max upload limit.
UL_MAX=75
# Global limits in KiB/sec.
UL=-1
DL=-1
SET_LIMIT=0
case "$O" in
night)
UL=$UL_MAX
SET_LIMIT=1
echo "Limit:$O:$UL:$DL"
;;
morning)
UL=`expr $UL_MAX - 20`
SET_LIMIT=1
echo "Limit:$O:$UL:$DL"
;;
midday)
UL=`expr $UL_MAX - 40`
SET_LIMIT=1
echo "Limit:$O:$UL:$DL"
;;
evening)
UL=`expr $UL_MAX - 70`
SET_LIMIT=1
echo "Limit:$O:$UL:$DL"
;;
*)
echo "Not setting limit."
;;
esac
if [ "$SET_LIMIT" -eq "0" ]
then
exit 0
fi
GOT_SESSION=0
$CLIENT -A -n -c "detach" &> /dev/null && GOT_SESSION=1
if [ $GOT_SESSION -eq 0 ]
then
$CLIENT -n -c "detach" &> /dev/null && GOT_SESSION=1
fi
if [ $GOT_SESSION -eq 0 ]
then
echo "Unable to attach or create a BTG session."
exit -1
fi
$CLIENT -A -n -c "glimit $UL $DL -1 -1;detach" &> /dev/null && \
echo "Limit set."
{% endhighlight %}

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---
title: Compiling PHP-GTK
layout: default
created: 2009-01-11 13:48:56 +0100
updated: 2009-01-11 13:57:32 +0100
toc: false
tags:
- know-how
- software
- linux
- software
- php
- gtk
---
To compile [php-gtk](http://gtk.php.net/), you need the following packages:
sudo aptitude install php5-dev php5-gd libgtk2.0-dev libglade2-dev build-essentials
When trying to use the `buildconf.sh`, you might encounter the following error:
~~~
~/php-gtk-2.0.1$ ./buildconf
Configuring for:
PHP Api Version: 20041225
Zend Module Api No: 20060613
Zend Extension Api No: 220060519
rebuilding aclocal.m4
rebuilding configure
configure.in:77: warning: LTOPTIONS_VERSION is m4_require'd but not m4_defun'd
aclocal.m4:2912: LT_INIT is expanded from...
aclocal.m4:2947: AC_PROG_LIBTOOL is expanded from...
configure.in:77: the top level
configure.in:77: warning: LTSUGAR_VERSION is m4_require'd but not m4_defun'd
configure.in:77: warning: LTVERSION_VERSION is m4_require'd but not m4_defun'd
configure.in:77: warning: LTOBSOLETE_VERSION is m4_require'd but not m4_defun'd
configure:12242: error: possibly undefined macro: m4_ifval
If this token and others are legitimate, please use m4_pattern_allow.
See the Autoconf documentation.
configure:15849: error: possibly undefined macro: _LT_SET_OPTIONS
configure:15849: error: possibly undefined macro: LT_INIT
make[1]: *** [configure] Error 1
make: *** [all] Error 2
~~~
which leaves the `configure`-script in a broken state. The problem is that the newer `libtool.m4` has been split into
different files. To make it work, you have to concatenate the different files back into the libtool.
~~~
$ cd /usr/share/aclocal
$ sudo cp libtool.m4 libtool.m4~backup
$ sudo chmod 777 libtool.m4
$ sudo cat lt~obsolete.m4 ltoptions.m4 ltsugar.m4 ltversion.m4 >>libtool.m4
$ sudo chmod 644 libtool.m4
~~~
After that, unpack a **clean** `php-gtk` source and try again.
~~~
~/php-gtk-2.0.1$ ./buildconf
~/php-gtk-2.0.1$ ./configure
~/php-gtk-2.0.1$ make
~/php-gtk-2.0.1$ sudo make install
~~~
After enabling the new extension in the `php.ini`, you should be able to use the [Gtk2-Frontend for PEAR](http://pear.php.net/PEAR_Frontend_Gtk2).
sudo pear install --alldeps pear/PEAR#gtk2installer
You can now run the graphical installer using the following command:
sudo pear -G

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---
title: bash Tips & Tricks
layout: default
created: 2008-08-01 22:41:34 +0200
updated: 2009-02-08 14:32:54 +0100
toc: false
tags:
- know-how
- software
- linux
- software
- bash
---
Bourne Again Shell.
bash magic
==========
Some handy `bash` magic.
sudo last command
-----------------
sudo !!
If you forgot `sudo` after executing your 3-lines-command, sudo *bang! bang!* will repeat the last entered command with `sudo` prefixed.
More parameter magic
--------------------
| *bang* | Expands to |
|:----------:|:-----------|
| `!$` | last argument of previous command |
| `!$:p` | just show last argument of previous command, don't add to commandline |
| `!*` | **all** arguments of previous command |
| `!!:1` | first argument of previous command |
| `!vi` | last command that started with "*vi*" |
| `!vi:p` | just show last "*vi*"-call, don't run it again |
| `^err^corr` | replace all occurrences of `err` by `corr` in the last command |
Shortcuts
---------
| *keypress* | Description |
|:------------:|:---------------|
| <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>w</kbd> | Erase word |
| <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>u</kbd> | Erase from cursor to beginning of line |
| <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>a</kbd> | Move cursor to beginning of line |
| <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>e</kbd> | Move cursor to end of line |
| <kbd>Ctrl</kbd>+<kbd>r</kbd> | Search command history (type letters after this) |
chdir to last one
-----------------
cd -
Changes to previous directory.
Use output of previous command
------------------------------
Sometimes it's handy to use the output of a previous command, e.g. a `which`. To do that, simply use the *bang-bang* with the backtick operator:
$ which php
/usr/bin/php
$ ls -l `!!`
ls -l `which php`
lrwxrwxrwx 1 root root 21 2008-06-12 02:47 /usr/bin/php -> /etc/alternatives/php
$ _

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---
title: Colourful boot messages
layout: default
created: 2008-08-06 00:18:47 +0200
updated: 2009-03-31 11:16:03 +0200
toc: false
tags:
- know-how
- software
- linux
- software
- bootup
- colours
---
The functions used for the status messages upon boot are defined in `/lib/lsb/init-functions` and may be overwritten
in `/etc/lsb-base-logging.sh`.
To add colours, in that `init-functions` file find the function *log_use_fancy_output()* and below the `fi` add the lines
{% highlight bash %}
...
else
FANCYTTY=0
fi
# BEGIN --- colour definition
if [ -n "$TERM" ]; then
NORMAL=`$TPUT sgr0`
BOLD=`$TPUT bold`
BLINK=`$TPUT blink`
BLACK=`$TPUT setaf 0`
RED=`$TPUT setaf 1`
GREEN=`$TPUT setaf 2`
YELLOW=`$TPUT setaf 3`
BLUE=`$TPUT setaf 4`
MAGENTA=`$TPUT setaf 5`
CYAN=`$TPUT setaf 6`
WHITE=`$TPUT setaf 7`
fi
# END --- colour definition
case "$FANCYTTY" in
1|Y|yes|true) true;;
...
{% endhighlight %}
After that, edit the `lsb-base-logging.sh` and change e.g. the output of *log_end_msg()*:
{% highlight bash %}
...
if [ "$COL" ] && [ -x "$TPUT" ]; then
printf "\r"
$TPUT hpa $COL
if [ "$1" -eq 0 ]; then
echo "${BOLD}${BLUE}[${GREEN} OK ${BLUE}]${NORMAL}"
else
echo "${BOLD}${BLUE}[${RED}fail${BLUE}]${NORMAL}"
fi
else
...
{% endhighlight %}
Your next boot will look like this:
![]({{ site.url }}/assets/colorboot.png)

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---
title: /boot to own partition
layout: default
created: 2008-09-12 21:53:07 +0200
updated: 2009-03-31 11:48:44 +0200
toc: false
tags:
- know-how
- software
- linux
- software
- bootup
---
Using an emulated SCSI-adapter in VMware with a very large root disk may give you either
Error 18: Selected Cylinder exceeds maximum supported by BIOS
or
Error 16: Inconsistent Filesystem Structure
This is because the *initrd* image is created (maybe only partially) outside the 1024-cylinder boundary accessible by
the VMware BIOS. The only stress-free solution is to move `/boot` to its own partition directly at the beginning of the
virtual disk. There is a nice how-to from [Tek Guru](http://tekguru.wordpress.com/2007/09/04/howto-moving-boot-to-its-own-partition/).
So use your favourite partitioner (I prefer GPartEd from the [SysRescCD](http://www.sysresccd.org/).) and move the
beginning of the first partition about 100 MiB to the right to add a new *ext3* partition in front of it. 100 MiB
should be enough for most people. You may need to use `fdisk`'s expert menu to fix the partition ordering if you can't
live with a `/dev/sda3` at the beginning of the disk.
Afterwards mount both partitions, the future `/boot` and the system partition and copy the contents of `/boot` to the
new and empty partition. Rename the old boot-folder and create a new empty one. Edit the `fstab` and add following line:
/dev/sda3 /boot ext3 rw 0 1
(Tek Guru used `ro` here to mount the partition read-only. As Ubuntu often updates the initrd, `rw` is the better way.)
Now open the `grub/menu.lst` and remove the `/boot` in front of the entries. Since grub sees the plain partition,
everything is in the root directory at this point. Maybe you also have to change the `root hd(0,X)` if your `X` is
not `0` (= the first partition).
Using the rescuecd, you can now boot your system using the `rescuecd boothd=/dev/sda2` (`root=/dev/sda2` in recent
versions) parameter. If the system is up, run
grub-install /dev/sda
to finally install grub correctly. You should now be able to boot.
<p><div class="noteclassic" markdown="1">
You can use the same technique to get around the 137 GB / 128 GiB limit of some
older mainboards. Just create a `/boot` partition at the beginning and after the kernel has loaded the controller
module, the (BIOS-)limit is gone.
</div></p>

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---
title: Colourful manpages
layout: default
created: 2009-02-02 16:39:21 +0100
updated: 2009-07-17 23:01:40 +0200
toc: false
tags:
- know-how
- software
- linux
- software
- manpages
- colours
---
1. Install the `most` pageviewer: (or click here: [most](apt://most))
sudo aptitude install most
1. Reconfigure the system to use `most` instead of `less` for paging:
sudo update-alternatives --config pager
After that, manpages will appear more colourful.

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---
title: Compiling Kismet
layout: default
created: 2010-02-25 22:44:16 +0100
updated: 2010-02-26 00:15:54 +0100
toc: false
tags:
- know-how
- software
- linux
- software
- kismet
---
You need the following libraries to successfully compile [Kismet](http://www.kismetwireless.net/download.shtml):
* [libncurses5-dev](apt://libncurses5-dev)
* [libncursesw5-dev](apt://libncursesw5-dev)
* [libpcap0.8-dev](apt://libpcap0.8-dev)
* [libpcre3-dev](apt://libpcre3-dev)
* [libnl-dev](apt://libnl-dev)
* [libcap-dev](apt://libcap-dev)
~~~
./configure --enable-airpcap
~~~
Install from PPA
================
You can also install the latest version using `aptitude` from [Festor's HackTools PPA](https://launchpad.net/~festor-deactivatedaccount/+archive/hack-tools).
<p><div class="noteimportant" markdown="1">
The shown URL to the PPA is wrong as Festor's account got deactivated. The correct URLs are:
deb http://ppa.launchpad.net/festor/hack-tools/ubuntu jaunty main
deb-src http://ppa.launchpad.net/festor/hack-tools/ubuntu jaunty main
</div></p>

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---
title: Citrix ICAClient
layout: default
created: 2010-03-04 13:41:08 +0100
updated: 2010-03-04 14:22:24 +0100
toc: false
tags:
- know-how
- software
- linux
- software
- citrix
- icaclient
---
* **Download:** [citrix.com](http://www.citrix.com/English/ss/downloads/details.asp?downloadId=3323&productId=186) (preferably `.deb` format)
This plugin will work with browsers which support Netscape compatible plugins, e.g. *Firefox* or *Opera*.
SSL error 61
============
This error means your certificate chain is broken or not "trusted".
Get certificates
----------------
While the Windows clients download the certificates automatically, the Linux client doesn't. You will need access to a
Windows running *Firefox* or talk to someone to get the required certificates.
* Open Firefox (make sure you had at least one successful connection using the ICAClient)
* go to menu *Tools**Options…**Advanced**Encryption* and click the button *View certificates*
* click the *Servers* tab
* find the certificate matching your desired Citrix server and select it (click once)
* now click the *Export…* button, choose **X.509 certificate (DER)** as format and save it
* click the *View…* button and notice the name under "Issued By" → "Common Name (CN)" then close the dialog
* select the *Authorities* tab
* search the list for the name you just saw, most times the group will have a similar name
* export this certificate the same way as above (DER format)
* view that certificate and check whether the "Issued By" → "Common Name (CN)" is different from the certificates
name - if so: repeat the steps to also export this one
* if all certificates are exported, copy them to these locations:
* the Root CA certificate (that one you exported last) goes to `/usr/lib/ICAClient/keystore/cacerts/` to make it a
*trusted* certificate
* all other go to `~/.ICAClient/keystore/cacerts/`
* All done.