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341 lines
13 KiB
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341 lines
13 KiB
Markdown
---
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title: Crossgrade firmware in SmartEye IP camera
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language: en
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layout: default
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created: 2016-11-13 23:31:43 +0100
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updated: 2016-11-13 23:31:43 +0100
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toc: true
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tags:
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- know-how
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- hacking
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- firmware
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- ip-camera
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- smarteye
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- wansview
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- instar
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---
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A few years ago, I got a [Wansview](http://www.wansview.com/) NCH-536MW IP
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camera. That was one of the first 720p cameras with night-vision, motion and
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all features you could wish for.
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One problem, though: The user interface looks awfully outdated and half of the
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setup only works in Microsoft Internet Explorer and only if you have some
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Chinese OCX browser plugin installed. (Compared to Foscam, however, you can at
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least setup most things without that plugin. With Foscam cameras, you can't even
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login if you don't have their plugin installed.)
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{: height="160px"}
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{: height="160px"}
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While that works, once you have everything set up, it's always a hassle to
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change a setting - especially as a Linux user. I need to power up a Windows VM
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to change anything. And I don't like that.
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However, the German company [Instar](http://www.instar.com/) developed an
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awesome HTML5 interface which works like a charm and is cross-browser
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compatible. It even works from Linux. And you can setup everything without the
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need for any plugin.
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{: height="200px"}
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Brothers in spirit (and hardware)
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=================================
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The problem is: There are various different models of IP cameras out there and
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while they may share the same body, they can have totally different hardware
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inside. (Camera bodies are re-used amongst companies to not having to spend
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resources on designing one.)
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But luckily that's not the case with the NCH-536MW. Because the company behind
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it, Wansview, is also known as *Shenzhen Smarteye Digital Electronics Co.*. And
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under the [SmartEye](http://www.smarteyegroup.com/) branch, they sell these
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cameras to OEMs. And those OEMs may use the original firmware, or, provide their
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customers with a customised one.
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The hardware I have is sold under these product names:
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* Wansview NCH-536MW
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* AGASIO A522W (original UI)
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* DERICAM H501W (customised UI)
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* Foscam FI9820W (customised UI)
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* INSTAR IN-6011HD (customised UI)
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There's a HiSilicon Hi3511-compatible SoC with a 16MB Flash memory in it.
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Firmwares
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=========
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Firmware updates come in form of a `.pkg` file. For the Wansview variant, the
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latest one is `B12SE_V1.4.0.1.9_536mP1.pkg`. The INSTAR one is named
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`B12SE_V60.1.1.4_536mP1_60.11.1.2.18.pkg` and Foscam's latest firmware for the
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FI9820W is `B12FC_V3.2.6.1.1_0807Hd9820P1.pkg`. (`SE` = SmartEye/Wansview, `FC`
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= Foscam)
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If you take a closer look at those files, you'll notice that they consist of
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144 Bytes header data (188 Bytes in older versions) and the rest is a JFFS2
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image, around 9-point-something MiB in (compressed) size.
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You can get the plain JFFS2 file by running, e.g.:
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dd if=B12SE_V60.1.1.4_536mP1_60.11.1.2.18.pkg bs=1 skip=144 of=root.jffs2
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You can then mount it with [these commands](https://www.kutukupret.com/2010/09/16/mounting-a-jffs2-filesystem-in-linux/)
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(you probably have to use `sudo` with each of them):
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mknod /tmp/mtdblock0 b 31 0
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modprobe mtd
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modprobe jffs2
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modprobe mtdram total_size=32767
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modprobe mtdblock
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dd if="root.jffs2" of=/dev/mtd0
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mount -t jffs2 /tmp/mtdblock0 /mnt/jffs2
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However, this isn't much use as we want to get the files onto the camera, not
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on our desktop PC.
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Sadly, the normal firmware updater doesn't allow files from a different
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reseller. So we have to find another way. And there is one.
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Hardware
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========
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<p><div class="noteclassic" markdown="1">
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To continue, you'll need a USB-to-TTL serial adapter. I've got [this one](https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/B00AFRXKFU/)
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which works great. Make sure to get one with a CP2102 as there are a lot of fake
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PL2303 and FT232RL chips around and drivers might block them.
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</div></p>
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If you open up the camera, you'll notice several unpopulated connectors on the
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PCB. What you're looking for is the (mostly) 4-pin console port. A serial port
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which acts as the main input/output interface to the system. And this is it:
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{: height="260px"}
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Only 3 pins are important to us: Rx (green), Tx (red) and the GND (white) pin.
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The fourth is supplying 3.3V which we don't need.
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Once you've wired everything correctly and connected the serial adapter to your
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computer, a new serial port should show up. Connect to it using a terminal
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program, e.g. [minicom](https://alioth.debian.org/projects/minicom) or [KiTTY](http://kitty.9bis.net/).
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The comm parameters are: 115200 8 N 1, e.g. `minicom -b 115200 -D /dev/ttyUSB0`.
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After you've set up everything, plug in the camera.
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You should see the boot process, [U-Boot](http://www.denx.de/wiki/view/U-Boot)
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first followed by the linux kernel. The first few lines look like this:
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~~~
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U-Boot 1.1.4 (Apr 8 2009 - 11:41:01)
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U-Boot code: E0500000 -> E0517540 BSS: -> E051E2BC
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HI_VERSION=U_BOOT_1_1_4-M08C0305B0301 @Hi3511v110_OSDrv_1_0_0_7 2009-03-18 20:44:35
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RAM Configuration:
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Bank #0: e0000000 128 MB
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Flash: 16 MB
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In: serial
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Out: serial
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Err: serial
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MAC: 00-25-07-00-00-3B
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Hit any key to stop autoboot: 0
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Memory policy: ECC disabled, Data cache writeback
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CPU0: D VIVT write-back cache
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CPU0: I cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 4, 32 byte lines, 128 sets
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CPU0: D cache: 16384 bytes, associativity 4, 32 byte lines, 128 sets
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Built 1 zonelists
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Kernel command line: mem=72M console=ttyAMA0,115200 root=1f01 rootfstype=jffs2 mtdparts=phys_mapped_flash:2M(boot),13M(rootfs),1M(setting)
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PID hash table entries: 512 (order: 9, 8192 bytes)
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Console: colour dummy device 80x30
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Dentry cache hash table entries: 16384 (order: 4, 65536 bytes)
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Inode-cache hash table entries: 8192 (order: 3, 32768 bytes)
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Memory: 72MB = 72MB total
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Memory: 71168KB available (1461K code, 175K data, 76K init)
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~~~
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U-Boot Basics
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=============
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Notice the *"Hit any key to stop autoboot"* message. If you press any key at
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that step, you'll be dropped into the U-Boot bootloader. That's where we want
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to be.
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Type `help` to get a list of supported commands:
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```
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hilinux # help
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? - alias for 'help'
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base - print or set address offset
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bdinfo - print Board Info structure
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bootm - boot application image from memory
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bootp - boot image via network using BootP/TFTP protocol
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cmp - memory compare
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cp - memory copy
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crc32 - checksum calculation
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dhcp - invoke DHCP client to obtain IP/boot params
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echo - echo args to console
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erase - erase FLASH memory
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flinfo - print FLASH memory information
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go - start application at address 'addr'
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help - print online help
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loadb - load binary file over serial line (kermit mode)
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loop - infinite loop on address range
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md - memory display
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mm - memory modify (auto-incrementing)
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mtest - simple RAM test
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mw - memory write (fill)
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nm - memory modify (constant address)
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ping - send ICMP ECHO_REQUEST to network host
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printenv- print environment variables
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protect - enable or disable FLASH write protection
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rarpboot- boot image via network using RARP/TFTP protocol
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reset - Perform RESET of the CPU
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saveenv - save environment variables to persistent storage
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setenv - set environment variables
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tftp - download or upload image via network using TFTP protocol
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version - print monitor version
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```
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Of those, we need three commands: `setenv`, `tftp` and `erase`.
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Setting up the TFTP connection
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==============================
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First, we need to setup the connection to the PC. Make sure to connect the
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camera via ethernet cable to your network. And you need to setup a tftp server
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on your PC. I used [atftpd](https://sourceforge.net/projects/atftp/). For
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Windows, there's [tftpd32](http://tftpd32.jounin.net/tftpd32.html).
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Now, we need to configure the IPv4 settings. Use these commands:
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```
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setenv ipaddr 172.16.99.9
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setenv netmask 255.255.0.0
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setenv serverip 172.16.1.2
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```
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`ipaddr` is the IP address of your camera (or some other unused IP address in
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your network). `serverip` is the IP address of your PC (or where your TFTP
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server is running). And `netmask` is, of course, the netmask of your network.
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Memory layout
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=============
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The 16M flash memory is located at address 0x34000000 until 0x34ffffff and
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partitioned like this:
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* 0x34000000 - 0x341fffff = boot area
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* 0x34000000 is the U-Boot start area
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* 0x34100000 is the linux kernel
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* 0x34200000 - 0x34efffff = JFFS2 root filesystem
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* 0x34f00000 - 0x34ffffff = settings
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And yes, the JFFS2 root filesystem is the JFFS2 data from the firmware update
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files (see above).
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Making a backup
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===============
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If you check the help for the `tftp` command, its syntax is like this:
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tftp address filename [length]
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If `[length]` is given, it will **UPLOAD** a file to your TFTP server, if it
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is omitted, it will **DOWNLOAD** a file from your TFTP server and flash that
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into the memory.
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So, since we know the memory layout, a complete backup of everything but the
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bootloader (to not risk corrupting it) is as easy as:
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tftp 0x34100000 recovery.bin 0xf00000
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This will upload a file named `recovery.bin` with the linux kernel and JFFS2
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image to your TFTP server.
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If you should run into problems, you can recover by entering:
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erase 0x34100000 +0xf00000
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tftp 0x34100000 recovery.bin
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Flashing new firmware
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=====================
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If you read until here, it should be clear what to do. After extracting the
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JFFS2 image file from, e.g. the INSTAR firmware (see above), you just have to
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put it on your TFTP server to make it accessible to the camera. Let's say you
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named it `instar.jffs2`.
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Since we know the memory area for the JFFS2 image, we can first erase it by
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issuing the command:
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erase 0x34200000 +0xd00000
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This erases the whole JFFS2 memory area, i.e. it sets all bits to `1`.
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After this is complete, you just have to flash the file from the TFTP server:
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tftp 0x34200000 instar.jffs2
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That's it. You can now reboot the camera into the INSTAR firmware:
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bootm 0x34100000
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(This boots from memory at address 0x3410000 - the linux kernel, which will then
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mount the JFFS2 image and continue booting from there.)
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Problems
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========
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If you see something like this on bootup of a newly flashed firmware:
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```
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jffs2_scan_dirent_node(): Node CRC failed on node at 0x0000000c: Read 0x41c0224d, calculated 0x97e7f5c5
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jffs2_scan_inode_node(): CRC failed on node at 0x00000038: Read 0x5a000025, calculated 0x1b754c4d
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jffs2_scan_dirent_node(): Node CRC failed on node at 0x0000007c: Read 0x53804006, calculated 0x88f20f93
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jffs2_scan_inode_node(): CRC failed on node at 0x000000a8: Read 0x1a180001, calculated 0x05c7cb76
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jffs2_scan_dirent_node(): Node CRC failed on node at 0x000000ec: Read 0x130c0000, calculated 0x84df6ac9
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jffs2_scan_inode_node(): CRC failed on node at 0x00000118: Read 0xeb290421, calculated 0x5025ee1e
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jffs2_scan_dirent_node(): Node CRC failed on node at 0x0000015c: Read 0x00006680, calculated 0x061da826
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jffs2_scan_inode_node(): CRC failed on node at 0x00000188: Read 0xaa620051, calculated 0x4e976925
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jffs2_scan_dirent_node(): Node CRC failed on node at 0x000001cc: Read 0x91724800, calculated 0x6a08a595
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jffs2_scan_inode_node(): CRC failed on node at 0x000001f8: Read 0x10481681, calculated 0xceb194da
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jffs2_scan_dirent_node(): Node CRC failed on node at 0x0000023c: Read 0x041c0010, calculated 0x936f78f5
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jffs2_scan_inode_node(): CRC failed on node at 0x00000268: Read 0xadab3105, calculated 0x16f7db7a
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jffs2_scan_dirent_node(): Node CRC failed on node at 0x000002ac: Read 0x0108e480, calculated 0xc7802b02
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jffs2_scan_inode_node(): CRC failed on node at 0x000002dc: Read 0x13e23050, calculated 0xb31f5628
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jffs2_scan_dirent_node(): Node CRC failed on node at 0x00000320: Read 0x0005c825, calculated 0x9bdee4df
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jffs2_scan_inode_node(): CRC failed on node at 0x0000034c: Read 0x44643000, calculated 0xc2233f22
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jffs2_scan_dirent_node(): Node CRC failed on node at 0x00000390: Read 0x0b70408d, calculated 0xd00bb938
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jffs2_scan_inode_node(): CRC failed on node at 0x000003c0: Read 0x18509440, calculated 0xe7085f3d
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jffs2_scan_dirent_node(): Node CRC failed on node at 0x00000410: Read 0x13400000, calculated 0xac90de05
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jffs2_scan_inode_node(): CRC failed on node at 0x0000043c: Read 0x6d822094, calculated 0xd6ce08ab
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```
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This means that you forgot to erase the memory area before flashing a new
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firmware. Since "flashing" can only change bits from `1` to `0`, it runs into
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problems when there should be a `1` where there already is a `0`, e.g.:
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Old data: 0101 0101
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New data: 1100 1100
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Flash data: 0100 0100
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Using the `erase` command resets all bits to `1`.
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Read more
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=========
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* [forum.hardware.fr](http://forum.hardware.fr/hfr/HardwarePeripheriques/webcam-camera-ip/unique-wansview-camera-sujet_56652_12.htm#t701130)
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* [openipcam.com](http://www.openipcam.com/forum/index.php?topic=342.0)
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